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More wild tigers have been seen in the forest around this area, _____ there used to be few.
The World Expo 2010 is being held at a time _____ the world is looking for a new kind of balance between nature and cities.
句意:在1988年,莫言的小说,制作成电影的《红高粱》,赢得了柏林电影节金熊奖。先行词为Red Sorghum,从句中缺主语且为非限制性定语从句,故用which引导。
Mo Yan's novel,Red Sorghum, _____ was made into a film,won the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival in 1988.
You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station _____ you can take to get where you want to go.
Steve Jobs passed away at the age of 56, _____ spirit will forever be the treasure of Apple.
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如(其他)孩子经常出现的情况一样,医生到达时,Amy(比之前)好多了。根据句意并分析句子成分可知,空处引导一个非限制性定语从句,指代后面整个句子,又因为在句首,所以要用as引导该定语从句,as在从句中作主语。【技巧点拨】做定语从句的选择题时,要先区分限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句;再看从句中缺少什么成分;最后看先行词是人还是物。
_____ is often the case with children,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
句意:Ellen曾经是位画家,擅绘禽鸟及自然景物,但基于某些原因,已悄然引退,远离人尘。who引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,修饰先行词Ellen(人名)。which修饰先行词是物的定语从句;whom修饰人,在从句中作宾语;where修饰地点名词,在从句中作地点状语。
Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____ ,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.
句意:银行是在天晴之时借伞给你,到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。本题考查定语从句,先行词为the place,将先行词代入定语从句后为:They lend you an umbrella in fair weather and...in the place.由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。
A bank is the place _____ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
句意:玛利亚已经写了两本小说了,这两本小说都被制作成了电视连续剧。句中的先行词是two novels,在非限制性定语从句中作both of的宾语,故用which引导。
Maria has written two novels,both of _____ have been made into television series.
句意:洪水过后,那个地区的人们忍受着巨大的痛苦,人们迫切需要清洁的水、药品和栖身的临时住所。people是先行词指人,在非限制性定语从句中充当主语,所以用关系代词who引导。
After the flooding,people were suffering in that area, _____ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.
考查定语从句。句意:这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人的视角讲述了地震的故事。those表示“那些人”,而在定语从句中缺乏的成分意思应是“那些人的”,所以只有关系代词whose符合题意,故选A项。
The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _____ lives were affected.
句意:我所成长的那所房子已经被拆了,被一所办公楼代替了。the house 为先行词,grow up 是不及物动词短语,不能直接接宾语,只能接介词+宾语,故用in which。
The house I grew up _____ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, _____ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
句意:她带领游客遍览了这个博物馆,它的建设花了三年多。此题考查非限制性定语从句的用法。先行词是the museum与the construction是所属关系,故用of which。
She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction _____ had taken more than three years.
句意:很多年轻人好像离开网络就不能生活,他们要依靠网络来获得自己所需要的各种资料信息。先行词为the Internet,从句还原为they depend on the Internet for whatever information they need,可见先行词在从句中作宾语,故选关系代词which。
Many young people just can't live without the Internet, _____ they depend on for whatever information they need.
句意:大学毕业后我抽出了点时间去旅游,这证明是一个明智的决定。根据句意可知,此处先行词代指前面整个句子,故用关系代词which 来引导非限制性定语从句,在句中作主语。
After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling, _____ turned out to be a wise decision.
句意:我一直忙于工作,所以很少有整天和孩子们待在一起的时刻。先行词occasions,还原到从句中为:I can spend the whole day with my kids on the occasions,可见是在从句中作时间状语,相当于on which,所以选when。
I'm always busy with my work,so occasions are quite rare _____ I can spend the whole day with my kids.
考查定语从句的引导词。句意:莫言获得了2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使中国人民长久以来的一个梦想得以实现。此处为非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句。it和what不能引导定语从句,可排除。that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。故选D。
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _____ made one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true.
句意:汤姆把警察带到了事故现场。因先行词spot在这里是表地点的名词,且从句中的动词happen为不及物动词,后不能接宾语,故应选关系副词where来引导定语从句。
Tom took the police to the spot _____ the accident happened.
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词是the house,从句中缺少地点状语因此用关系副词where。
【技巧点拨】 定语从句关系词的选择,关键是分析从句中所缺少的成分,并结合先行词作出判断。一定要记住的是what不能引导定语从句。
When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house _____ I would be staying.
句意:工厂建在一个秘密的地方,周围环绕着高山。先行词是the factory,从句可还原为around the factory were high mountains,故是一个由“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句。在该从句中,主语是high mountains,所以句子谓语应用复数were。
The factory was built in a secret place,around _____ high mountains.
Our psychology teacher seems unable to explain everything in a way _____ makes sense to us.
句意:我经常回忆我的大学生活,我把它看作是我一生中最幸福的时光。which引导非限制性定语从句,并且在从句中充当regard的宾语。that不引导非限制性定语从句;when不能作宾语,只能作时间状语;what不引导定语从句。【技巧点拨】 做定语从句的选择题时,要先区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句,可排除that;再看定语从句中缺什么成分,最后看先行词是人还是物。
I often look back on my university days, _____ I regard as the happiest of my life.
句意:好广告经常使用那些人们赋予积极意义的词语。考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。根据attach的搭配确定介词用to且宾语为指物的先行词words,故用which。
A good advertisement often uses words _____ people attach positive meanings.
句意:我真的感谢史密斯教授。如果没有他的帮助,我就永远不会(在学术上)走得这么远。without whose help=and without his help。whose引导的是非限制性定语从句,在句中作“help”的定语,其先行词为“Professor Smith”。
I wish to thank Professor Smith,without _____ help I would never have got this far.
考查定语从句。句意:他写了一封信,在信中他解释了那起事故中发生的事情。后句中有主语,有宾语,缺少的是状语。where在这里相当于in which,表示在信中,引导定语从句。故选C项。
【技巧点拨】 解答该类题目时,首先看从句中缺少什么句子成分,由此来确定是选关系代词还是关系副词,然后根据句子要表达的意义,选择合适的关联词。
He wrote a letter _____ he explained what had happened in the accident.
句意:你能想到哪种情况下,这个习语经常被用到?先行词为situation,从句还原为this idiom is often used in the situation,先行词在从句中充当地点状语,故用where。
Which of you can think of a situation _____ this idiom is often used?
句意:无论剩下什么东西,都可以放到冰箱里,在冰箱里它可以保存两到三周。先行词refrigerator在从句中作地点状语,故选择关系副词where。when在从句中作时间状语;which在从句中作主语或宾语;while不能用于定语从句。
Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.
句意:教授建了一堵玻璃墙,透过这堵墙能够观察到里面的一切。表示“透过玻璃墙”,应该用介词through,在介词后作宾语且代替指物的先行词a glass wall,用关系代词which。
The professor built a glass wall _____ we could observe what was going on inside.
句意:奖品将发给作品最能展示其想象力的作者。whose引导定语从句,且在定语从句中作定语修饰story,whose story相当于the story of whom。
The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination.
考查非限制性定语从句的用法。句意:他经常告诉主任如何经营,这简直就像班门弄斧。which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句。as引导非限制性定语从句时通常指大家都知道的事情,译为“正如”。根据句意,用which。
He is always telling the director how to run the business, _____ is like teaching one's grandmother how to suck eggs.
句意:-- 我收到一封苏珊的邮件,邮件中说她要出国去观光旅游。-- 太棒了!那是她一直梦想的事情。先行词为an email,且从句缺少主语,故用which代替an email作主语。
— I got an email from Susan, _____ said she was going abroad for sightseeing.— Fantastic! That's what she has been dreaming of.
句意:他们开始了一项研究,细节被保密。先行词为investigation,of表示所有格,故用the details of which 相当于whose details。
They have started an investigation, _____ are being kept secret.
本题考查定语从句。题干的意思是:“博物馆将在春季开放,届时将有一个展览,还有一个观光平台,在这里参观者可以观看大玻璃房的建筑安装。”分析句子结构可知,visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built为定语从句,a viewing platform为定语从句的先行词,从句缺少地点状语,要用where引导,所以正确选项为B项。
【技巧点拨】 定语从句类试题的解题方法:先找准先行词,关系词根据先行词而定。指人就用who,whom。指物时如果是限定性的就用that,非限定性的就用which,介词后一般用which。what不能引导定语从句。定语从句不缺少主语、宾语和表语时,指时间就用when,指地点就用where。
The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _____ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:世界银行行长说,他热爱中国,他记得这种热爱早在童年时就开始了。通过分析句子结构可知,The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China为主句,通过还原法可知定语从句是he remembers his passion for China starting as early as his childhood,从句中his passion starting为动名词复合结构。his passion用which替代。when和where虽然可以引导定语从句,但是它们在定语从句中是分别用来作时间状语和地点状语的,不能指代passion;what不能用来引导定语从句,故排除。
The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _____ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
句意:2011年12月17日对于朝鲜人民来说是一个悲痛的日子,那一天他们的最高领导人金正日意外辞世。表示时间的先行词December 17,2011,在从句中作时间状语,所以要用关系副词when。
December 17,2011 was a sad day for the people of DPRK(朝鲜), _____ their top leader Kim Jong-il passed away unexpectedly.
句意:到16:30为止,也就是几乎到了截止时间时,几乎所有的画都售完了。从后面的closing time打烊时间,可以得知此句是在谈时间,但此句中缺少主语,前面又有一个逗号,所以是个非限制性定语从句,故用which。
By 16:30, _____ was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold.
句意:我们已经收集了将近100 000套被子,多达一半(的被子)已经运往洪灾地区。先行词为100 000 quilts,指物,并用在非限制性定语从句中,表所属,应用of which。
We have gathered nearly 100,000 quilts, _____ up to half have gone to the flood-hit areas.
考查定语从句。此处which指代整个主句内容引导非限制性定语从句,which在定语从句中作主语。句意:到现在为止,我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子们筹集到了50 000英镑,这是完全没有预料到的。
Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.
句意:英语是好几种不同文化共有的一门语言,每种文化在使用它时都会有点不同。前后两句话之间没有连接词,故逗号后是非限制性定语从句,排除B、C、D三项;此处先行词是cultures,先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语,用关系代词which。
English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of _____ uses it somewhat differently.
句意:这三个背包徒步旅行者最终到达黄山山顶,他们可以尽情地享受这激动人心的景色。先行词为the top of Mount Huangshan在从句中充当地点状语,故用where。
The three backpackers finally reached the top of Mount Huangshan, _____ they could enjoy the breathtaking sights to their hearts' content.
句意:眼下,许多国家正在建立一些国家公园;动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。分析结构可知,此处是考查定语从句的引导词,先行词为national parks,定语从句中缺少地点状语,要用where来引导。故选D项。
Many countries are now setting up national parks _____ animals and plants can be protected.
考查非限制性定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句,其先行词是整个主句的内容,其他三个选项都没有此功能。句子的意思是他可能会赢得比赛,在这种情况下,他有可能进入国家队。
【技巧点拨】 引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子的内容要用which。如:He is often late for class,which makes the teacher angry.
他经常迟到,这使得老师很生气。
More and more cars are running in the street today,in which case more and more waste gas will be sent into the air.
越来越多的汽车在街上跑,在这种情况下会有越来越多的废气将会被排放到空气中。
He may win the competition, _____ he is likely to get into the national team.
句意:这项工程是有协议根据的,协议的一个目的就是确保工程按时完工。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词agreement,在从句中作定语修饰purposes,由此可知答案是whose。
The project is based on an agreement,one of _____ purposes is to ensure that the project can be accomplished before the deadline.
句意:很多情侣选择在2012年12月12日结婚,在这一天日期月份年份相配。先行词Dec.12,2012,在从句作时间状语,具体到在特定的某一天用介词on,故用on which。
A lot of lovers chose to get married on Dec.12,2012, _____ the date,the month and the year match.
It was said that he never lost the occasions _____ he could learn his lessons in order to be admitted to a key university the next year.
句意:一些路人目击了这场车祸,五个乘客死亡,包括一个婴儿。先行词为the car accident,从句可还原为five passengers were killed in the car accident,先行词在从句中作介词in 的宾语,故用in which。
Some passers-by witnessed the car accident _____ five passengers were killed,a baby included.
句意:这座古镇拥有窄巷小舍,它们彼此紧邻。先行词为small houses,定语从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词that。they是代词不能引导从句,where是关系副词,在从句中充当地点状语,what不引导定语从句。
The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other.
句意:正如所发现的那样,大量的语言学习是在人的生命开始的第一年进行的。所以这段时期父母应该和他们的孩子多说话。因为有逗号,判断是非限制性定语从句。故先排除B、D两项。as引导定语从句有“正如,像”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,而which 引导的从句只能放在主句后,并无“正如”的意思。
A lot of language learning, _____ has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
句意:玛丽真的喜欢上个月她到那儿旅游的时光,那时她去购物并且品尝了当地的小吃。由于原句中的there不能作先行词,所以不用where,而that在从句中作主语和宾语,所以不适合本题的语境。本题的先行词为last month表示时间,所以用when。
Mary really enjoyed her visit there last month _____ she did some shopping and tasted local food.
句意:那天晚上我加班到很晚,过后我会给你讲更多关于那天晚上的事。which在此引导非限制性定语从句且在定语从句中作介词about的宾语(tell sb.about sth.)。
That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.
Foreign ministers of the two countries hold regular meetings, _____ they can exchange views on international issues of both concern.
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:没有简单的答案,这在科学中是常有的事。分析句子结构可知,该题为非限制性定语从句,所填的词在从句中作主语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句;where和when不能作主语,所以选as。
There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.
考查强调句型及定语从句的连接词。句意:就是在张教授负责的试验室里,他们做了那个试验。第一空为定语从句,the lab是先行词,在定语从句中作主语,故用which或that;第二空是选择强调句型中的引导词,只能用that。
It was in the lab _____ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _____ they did the experiment.
句意:她有为学生营造一种良好氛围的天赋,这种氛围能够令学生交流自如。先行词是atmosphere(气氛),是物,而定语从句又缺少主语,所以用which;先行词是人时,才能用who;where引导定语从句时,在从句中作状语;what不能引导定语从句。
She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
本题考查非限制性定语从句。题干的意思是:“孩子们玩了一整天,都累坏了。”分析句子结构可知,had played the whole day long是非限制性定语从句,先行词children指人作of的宾语应用whom,所以D项正确。
The children, _____ had played the whole day long,were worn out.
句意:在我们的城市里有几个大的公园,许多人去那里欣赏美景。先行词是several big public parks,短语go to the parks的介词to 提前,故用to which。本句中to enjoy the beautiful scenery为目的状语。
In our city there are several big public parks _____ many people can go to enjoy the beautiful scenery.
We live in an age _____ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
We went camping last Saturday.Unfortunately,the day, _____ began brightly,ended with a violent storm.
句意:每当Ashtita尝试着打破一个记录,他就达到一个感觉体力上再也不能超越的地步。从句中已有主语he而且do在本句中代替break a record,所以不需要宾语,排除B、D两项;at the point 在句中作地点状语所以用where。
Every time Ashtita tries to break a record,he reaches a point _____ he feels he cannot physically do any more.
句意:我与父母在一起共度周末的机会极其难得。先行词为occasions(场合)表示的就是这种“机会”,在从句中作状语。从句可还原为:I have the time to spend a weekend with my parents on the occasions,故用关系副词when引导定语从句修饰occasions。
Occasions are quite rare _____ I have the time to spend a weekend with my parents.
The CCTV Spring Festival Gala is a big stage, _____ many new actors or actresses are to become famous.
Finally he reached a lonely island _____ was completely cut off from the outside world.
Immediately after the school bus accident,twelve students were sent to hospital, _____ eight died despite treatment.
句意:《春天里》这首歌让在2010年的星光大道总决赛中获得第二名的旭日阳刚闻名全国。先行词Xuriyanggang(旭日阳刚)指人,且从句中缺主语,所以用关系代词who。
The song In Spring has brought national fame to Xuri-yanggang, _____ won the second place in the 2010 Avenue of Stars Finals.
句意:心灵的呵护是一个逐渐的过程,在这个过程中,即使是生活中那些微小的细节也应该考虑到。A、B两项不能引导定语从句,排除掉;先行词process 在从句中作状语,还原从句应为even the small details of life should be considered in the process,故答案为D项。
Care of the soul is a gradual process _____ even the small details of life should be considered.
句意:我弟弟交的伙伴很友好而且是热心肠。associate with “与……交往”,介词with提到了前面,先行词the companions作with的宾语,故用whom引导。
The companions with _____ my brother associates are friendly and warm-hearted.
Living in the eastern part of the city has its problems, _____ shopping is not the least.
句意:这家学校商店,其主要顾客多数是学生,因为放假就关门了。此处考查的是whose引导非限制性定语从句,在定语从句中作customers的定语。which在从句中作主语或宾语;when在从句中作时间状语;where在从句中作地点状语。
The school shop, _____ customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.
考查定语从句。句意:John邀请了大约四十个人参加他的婚礼,其中大部分是家庭成员。前后两个句子没有连接词,故排除A项;that不能放在介词of之后,故排除B项,该定语从句的先行词指人,which指代物,故应用most of whom引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语。whom指代about 40 people。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of _____ are family members.
A housing bubble is an economic situation _____ occurs when house prices rise much too fast.
考查定语从句。句意:销售经理是一个职位,在这个职位上,交流能力和销售能力一样重要。“position”为先行词,后面是其定语从句,代入定语从句后为:Communication ability is just as important as sales skills in the position.由此可见,先行词与介词in 一起作状语,故排除A、B两项;position在本句中表示“模糊化的地点”,故答案为D项。
Sales director is a position _____ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
Remember that there is still one point _____ we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
句意:我们期待了多年的那个精彩的时刻终于到来了。先行词是moment,从句可还原为we had been expecting the wonderful moment for years,moment作动词expect的宾语,且为一个非限制性定语从句,所以用which。
The wonderful moment, _____ we had been expecting for years,finally came.
Being from a family _____ produced great actors,it's no wonder that she quickly found her way into the spotlight.
After graduation from high school we will reach a point _____ we have to decide which university to attend.
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:今天的报纸宣布我们发射了另外一颗人造卫星。which在这里指代前面整句话的内容,在定语从句中作主语,故选B项。
【技巧点拨】解答定语从句类题时,前后两句间若有逗号隔开,且无连词出现,可确定为非限制性定语从句。然后查看后句缺少什么句子成分,由此可判断选用关系代词还是关系副词,从而得出正确答案。
We have launched another man-made satellite, _____ is announced in today's newspaper.