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句意:如果我们早订张桌子的话,我们就不会站在这儿排队了。根据语境可知,此处是if引导的虚拟条件句,从句叙述的是与过去事实相反的情况。谓语动词用had done。故正确答案为D项。
If we ______ a table earlier,we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
题干的意思是:“眼科医生建议孩子第一次视力检查应该在六个月大的时候进行。”recommend建议,后接宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should do形式,should可以省略,所以正确选项为B项。
Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam ______ at the age of six months old.
句意:-- 今天早晨下了倾盆大雨,我很高兴我们带了雨伞。-- 是的,如果我们没带雨伞我们就要全身湿透了。由句意可知此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟,故从句谓语动词用had done形式。从句补充完整为“if we hadn't taken an umbrella”。
— It rained cats and dogs this morning.I'm glad we took an umbrella.
— Yeah,we would have got wet all over if we ______.
句意:如果我当时想到你是认真的,我就不会笑了。根据主句中should not have laughed可知,if引导的是非真实条件句,表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语结构应该为had done。
I should not have laughed if I ______ you were serious.
句意:-- 你最后成功了吗? -- 是的,要不是你的帮助,一定会导致严重的损失。but for+名词表示虚拟条件,表示与过去事实相反,故句子谓语用would have done。
— Did you make it at last?
— Yes.But for your help,it ______ a serious loss.
I ran all the way to school yesterday,otherwise I ______ late for the annual talent show.
考查insist的用法。句意:她坚持说她无罪,但是我们坚决认为她该进监狱。第一空insist表示“坚持认为”为陈述事实,故用一般过去时;第二空insist表示“坚持做某事”,从句谓语用(should+)do,表示虚拟语气。
She insisted that she ______ not guilty,but we insisted that she ______ into prison.
句意:要不是因为他最近受伤,我们就把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中了。but for是含蓄虚拟语气的提示,yesterday表示过去的时间。与过去事实相反,谓语用should/would/could/might+have done表达,构成虚拟语气。
We ______ John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
句意:-- 玛丽疯了,并且被送到了精神病医院。你告诉她老板了吗? -- 是的,但是我应该先告诉她的丈夫。should+have done,本来应该做而实际上却没有做。shouldn't+have done。本来不应该做而实际上做了;must+have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测,needn't+have done表示本来不必做的事,但实际上却做了。根据句意可知A项正确。
— Mary's got crazy and has been sent to the mental hospital.Did you tell her boss about that?
— Yes, but I ______ her husband first.
句意:-- 朱丽叶,你听说过陈朋乡村小学的灾难吗? -- 是的,太恐怖了,要是当时那儿有安全防护装置的话,那场灾难就不会发生了。if条件句下的虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,从句谓语用had done,主句谓语用should/would/could/might+have done表达。
— Juliet, have you heard about the disaster in Chenpeng Village Elementary School?
— Yes, horrible! If there ______ safety guards then, the disaster ______.
句意:如果你被炒鱿鱼了,你的医疗保险不会被立即终止。这是与将来相反的假设,条件状语从句的谓语动词有三种表达方式:①一般过去式②should do③were to do,如果if省略,可以把should或were提前。
______ you be fired,your health care would not be off immediately.
句意:-- 孩子们哪儿去了?这顿饭快要吃不起来了。-- 我但愿他们不要老是迟到。虚拟语气在wish宾语从句中的用法,题干中出现always,从句使用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反。
— Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
— I wish they ______ always late.
句意:如果明天下雨,我们将不得不取消足球比赛。由tomorrow可知,前半句是对将来情况的虚拟,正常语序是“If it should rain tomorrow”。省略if后,要将should提到主语之前,引起倒装。
______ it rain tomorrow,we would have to cancel the football match.
句意:昨天我们在那个小山村迷路了,否则我们就能参观到更多的名胜古迹了。本题关键是从时间状语yesterday判断出是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。前半句是个过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”,后半句是对过去的虚拟用would have done。
We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ______ more places of interest yesterday.
句意:要是我投入很多的精力在学习上而不是迷恋网络游戏,我现在就会坐在舒适的办公室里了。此处为省略 if的混合虚拟条件句,不同时间的虚拟:各遵守各的时间。因从句表示与过去的事实相反,谓语动词应使用过去完成时,此题是将 had提至句首且省略 if构成倒装,故选B。
______ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ______ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
It's high time that we ______ to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
句意:如果以前他花更多时间练习说英语的话,现在他英语就会说得好多了。由从句中的had spent可知从句与过去事实相反;由主句中的now可知主句与现在事实相反,故用would be。选B项。
If he had spent more time practising speaking English before,he ______ able to speak it much better now.
句意:我再怎么感谢你的帮助也不为过。要没你的帮助,我不能成功找到我丢失的儿子。考查can的特殊用法,can't ... too再怎么……也不过分。without it是含蓄条件,表示与过去事实相反,谓语用wouldn't have done.
I can't thank you ______much for your help. Without it I ______in finding my lost son.
句意:昨晚我本应该去参加我堂妹的生日聚会,但是我没有空。but I was not available表示的是过去的真实情况,为含蓄的条件,相当于if I had been available(如果我有空的话)。此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气,主句应使用“would/might/could/should+have done”结构,故选D。
【技巧点拨】 在做本题时,考生应先明白本题考查的是虚拟语气;其次应理清该句为虚拟条件句中的主句还是从句。表示对过去情况的虚拟时,条件句应使用过去完成时,主句应使用“would/might/could/should+have done”结构。
I ______ to my cousin’s birthday party last night,but I was not available.
句意:没有你的慷慨帮助,我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。that bitter period表示过去的时间,与过去事实相反,用主语+should/would/could/might+have done表达。
I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help.
句意:-- 你现在感觉如何? -- 非常对不起,我昨天要是能来就好了。if only意思是:要是……就好了,由时间状语yesterday来看,这与过去所发生事实相反,所以用过去完成时。
— What's your feeling now?
— I am terribly sorry.If only I ______ here yesterday!
句意:我的母亲建议我们这个周末出去吃饭,换换口味。suggest作“建议”讲时,其后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语形式为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。故答案为A。
My mom suggests that we ______ eat out for a change this weekend.
-- 你认为George通过驾照考试了吗? -- 没有。如果通过的话,昨天他就会开车来我们大学了。结合语境可知此处表示与过去事实相反,主句应用would/should/might/could have done结构。故选C项。
— Do you think George has passed the driving test?
— No.If so,he ______his car to our college yesterday.
第一句“John went to the hospital alone”是客观事实,而且提供的语境为过去,第二句是“虚拟语气”,是与过去事实相反的假设,所以条件句用had done,故选D项。
— John went to the hospital alone.
— If he ______ me about it,I would have gone with him.
句意:我真的是太忙了,要不然我一定和你去那。结合前半句中的内容以及后半句中的 otherwise一词可知,后半句应用虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反,所以用 would。
I'm really very busy, otherwise I ______ certainly go there with you.
句意:-- 真可惜,你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。-- 我本可以去听的,但我当时忙于工作面试。与过去事实相反,谓语用should/would/could/might+have done表示虚拟语气。
— Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
— I ______it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
句意:如果我的车更可靠点的话,去年夏天我就会开车而不是坐飞机去拉萨了。根据主句的谓语动词would have driven可知,题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用had done。
If my car ______ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
— You had better break up with the boy, Lucy.
— I don't hang out with him any more.You ______ have told me that at the beginning.
句意:今下午我要是有时间的话,我会教你怎样使用电脑。此处表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。 Were I to have ...=If I were to have ...
______ time this afternoon, I would teach you how to use the computer.